人工晶状体植入术治疗儿童白内障临床效果及影响因素

目的:探讨先天性白内障人工晶状体(intraocular lens,IOL)植入术后屈光状态的远期变化及其相关影响因素。方法:入选我院2013-01/2014-01先天性白内障患儿70例110眼,按患者年龄分为A组(<2岁)、B组(2~6岁)、C组(7~12岁),均进行先天性白内障摘除联合IOL植入术,比较三组术后角膜曲率、眼轴、屈光状态情况,分析其眼轴变化影响因素。结果:A组、B组、C组术后角膜曲率差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);A组术后与术后3mo角膜曲率比较差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05),B和C组术后与术后3mo角膜曲率差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);A组术后3mo角膜曲率差异显著高于B组和C组(P<0.05),B组和C组术后3mo角膜曲率差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);A组、B组和C组术后眼轴长度差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);A组术后与术后3mo眼轴长度比较差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05),B和C组术后与术后3mo眼轴长度差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);A组术后3mo眼轴长度差异显著高于B组和C组(P<0.05),B组和C组术后3mo眼轴长度差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);三组患者术后屈光状态呈现近视移动变化趋势,A组术后屈光变化率及屈光度变化显著高于B和C组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:先天性白内障摘除联合IOL植入术后屈光状态呈现近视化趋势,2岁以下患儿表现显著。近视化影响因素主要为眼轴增长。     

Wnt8a and Wnt3a cooperate in the axial stem cell niche to promote mammalian body axis extension

Background: Vertebrate body axis extension occurs in a head‐to‐tail direction from a caudal progenitor zone that responds to interacting signals. Wnt/β‐catenin signaling is critical for generation of paraxial mesoderm, somite formation, and maintenance of the axial stem cell pool. Body axis extension requires Wnt8a in lower vertebrates, but in mammals Wnt3a is required, although the anterior trunk develops in the absence of Wnt3a. Results: We examined mouse Wnt8a^–/– and Wnt3a^–/– single and double mutants to explore whether mammalian Wnt8a contributes to body axis extension and to determine whether a posterior growth function for Wnt8a is conserved throughout the vertebrate lineage. We find that caudal Wnt8a is expressed only during early somite stages and is required for normal development of the anterior trunk in the absence of Wnt3a. During this time, we show that Wnt8a and Wnt3a cooperate to maintain Fgf8 expression and prevent premature Sox2 up‐regulation in the axial stem cell niche, critical for posterior growth. Similar to Fgf8, Wnt8a requires retinoic acid (RA) signaling to restrict its caudal expression boundary and possesses an upstream RA response element that binds RA receptors. Conclusions: These findings provide new insight into interaction of caudal Wnt‐FGF‐RA signals required for body axis extension. Developmental Dynamics 244:797–807, 2015. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.     

一个先天缺牙家系的基因突变及病例对照研究

目的：探讨非综合征型多数牙先天缺失患者的人类成对盒基因9(PAX9)、同源盒基因1(MSX1)、中轴抑制蛋白2(AXIN2)突变位点,为该疾病的病因学研究提供依据。方法对该例患者及其家庭成员进行全身系统检查、口腔专科检查(含拍摄曲面断层片)及家系调查;抽取外周静脉血,提取基因组DNA,采用聚合酶链式反应( PCR)扩增PAX9基因的外显子1、2、3、4,MSX1基因外显子1、2及AXIN2基因外显子2、3、4、5、6、7、8、9、10、11,通过对分段PCR纯化产物进行测序,并结合系谱图进行基因突变分析。同时,通过病例-对照实验(先天缺牙组50例,健康对照组100例)对突变位点AXIN2G1807C与先天缺牙的相关性进行分析。结果先证者的祖母和外祖父为兄妹关系。口内检查以及曲面断层片发现先证者为无牙牙合,仅见左侧下颌升支处有一阻生牙影像,其余家庭成员牙齿数目发育正常。均未合并其他组织器官的先天发育异常。先证者及部分表型正常者分别发现3个已知突变位点,分别为AXIN2外显子6第1365位A变为 G ( rs9915936),外显子7第1807位 G 变为 C (rs145353986)以及外显子8第2062位 C 变为 T ( p. Leu688Leu)。 PAX9、MSX1未见异常。病例组和对照组间AXIN2G1807C的基因频率和基因型频率差异无统计学意义。结论 AXIN2c.2062C>T突变可能是导致中国人群非综合征型多数牙缺失的危险因素之一。 AXIN2c.1807G>C与此类疾病之间不存在明显的相关性。     

Transforming growth factor-β1 promotes homing of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells in renal ischemia-reperfusion injury

Backgrounds: Acute ischemia reperfusion-induced kidney injury is a common cause of acute renal failure, and it is also an important cause of delayed recovery of transplanted kidney functions and even loss of function. However, there is no effective treatment method in clinical applications presently. Objective: The objective was to investigate effects of transforming growth factor-β1 on homing of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells in renal ischemia-reperfusion injury. Methods: Effects of TGF-β1 over-expression in MSCs on expression of CXCR4 and chemotactic effect to SDF-1 were investigated by in vitro transmembrane chemotaxis. Anti-TGF-β1 antibody was incubated with ischemia reperfusion injury renal tissue homogenate and effects of anti-TGF-β1 antibody were observed. In addition, effects of TGF-β1 gene transfection and anti-CXCR4 antibody treatment in MSCs on expression of SDF-1/CXCR4 axis of renal tissues and damage repair were further explored. Results: Expression of TGF-β1 mRNA in the IRI group increased significantly, and MSCs transplantation could enhance expression of CXCR4 mRNA in rats of the IRI group, the expression of CXCR4 can be decreased by the anti-TGF-β1 antibody and the anti-CXCR4 antibody. TGF-β1 induced homing of MSCs in repair of renal ischemic reperfusion injury by regulating expression of CXCR4 on cell membranes. Blue fluorescence of DAPI-positive MSCs cells of renal parenchyma in the IRI+MSC group was enhanced significantly, which was significantly inhibited by anti-TGF-β1 and anti-CXCR4 antibody, and the inhibitory effect of anti-CXCR4 antibody was more obvious than that of anti-TGF-β1 antibody. Conclusion: Transforming growth factor-β1 promotes homing of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells in renal ischemia-reperfusion injury, which will provide useful data on role of TGF-β1 in regulating SDF-1/CXCR4 axis-induced MSCs homing.     

IL －6／STAT3信号通路在脓毒症早期大鼠下丘脑－垂体－肾上腺轴中的表达及意义

目的：探讨大鼠脓毒症早期出现的HPA轴过度激活与IL－6／STAT3信号通路的内在联系。方法24只健康雄性Wistar大鼠,随机分为正常对照组（ Control组）、假手术组（ Sham组）、模型组（CLP组）三组。采用盲肠结扎穿孔（CLP）法建立脓毒症模型,术后6 h处死,分离出下丘脑、垂体、肾上腺组织。 RT－PCR检测下丘脑组织CRH、IL－6、STAT3、SOCS3 mRNA水平,垂体组织阿片促黑色素原（ POMC）、IL－6、STAT3、SOCS3 mRNA水平,肾上腺组织 IL－6、STAT3、SOCS3 mRNA水平。结果 CLP组较Control组、Sham组下丘脑组织中CRH、IL－6、STAT3、SOCS3 mRNA表达水平明显增加（P＜0.01）,垂体组织中POMC、IL－6、STAT3、SOCS3 mRNA表达水平明显增加（P＜0.01）,肾上腺组织中IL－6、STAT3、SOCS3 mRNA表达水平明显增加（P＜0.01）。Control组与Sham组各指标比较差异无统计学意义。结论脓毒症早期出现的HPA轴过度激活与IL－6／STAT3信号通路有着密切联系。针对IL－6／STAT3信号通路这一靶点进行干预,有望改善脓毒症状态下HPA轴的过度激活,为脓毒症的治疗提供新的思路。     

The effect of glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide infused at physiological concentrations on the release of insulin in man

Summary Blood glucose and the responses of insulin and glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) were measured in 12 healthy, normal weight subjects after drinking 50g glucose. On a subsequent occasion each subject was given a simultaneous infusion of GIP and glucose to mimic the plasma concentrations observed in the first test. The peak GIP concentration after oral glucose was 22.3±1.9pmol/l (mean±SEM), but was higher after GIP infusion at 36.3±4.6pmol/l, (p<0.005). The blood glucose levels following oral glucose peaked at 6.3 ±0.5 mmol/l which'was the same as seen after intravenous glucose. The insulin response to oral glucose was, however, far higher (431.3±58.2pmol/l) than that obtained after GIP and glucose infusion (191.6 ±30.9 pmol/l, p<0.001). Thus it has not proved possible to explain completely the oral enhancement of insulin release by the action of GIP alone.     

不同穴组针刺对抑郁大鼠下丘脑-垂体-肾上腺轴相关因子及血清脑源性神经营养因子的影响

目的:筛选针刺抗抑郁穴位,并探讨其可能的作用机制。方法:SD只大鼠随机分为正常组、模型组、针刺一组、针刺二组、西药组,每组10只。除正常组大鼠10只同笼饲养外,其余各组大鼠单笼孤养并进行28d的慢性轻度不可预见性应激刺激。造模同时,针刺一组取"印堂"穴和"百会"穴,针刺二组选用"印堂""百会""风池""肾俞"穴进行针刺并留针30min,西药组予氟西汀0.18mg/kg灌胃,均每日1次,干预28d。于实验开始前及结束后进行旷场实验,实验结束后采用ELISA法检测各组大鼠脑垂体促肾上腺皮质激素(ACTH)、海马5羟色胺(5-HT)、肾上腺皮质醇(CORT)、血清脑源性神经营养因子(BDNF)含量。结果:模型组大鼠水平运动与垂直运动次数均显著少于正常组(P0.01,P0.05);与模型组比较,针刺一组、针刺二组、西药组水平运动与垂直运动次数均提高(P0.01)。各组大鼠垂体ACTH水平比较,差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。与正常组比较,模型组大鼠海马5-HT、血清BDNF水平显著下降,肾上腺CORT水平显著上升(P0.01);针刺一组、针刺二组、西药组大鼠海马5-HT、血清BDNF水平均较模型组显著上升,肾上腺CORT水平均较模型组显著下降(P0.05,P0.01)。各治疗组之间比较,各指标差异均无统计学意义(P0.05),但针刺二组显示出更佳的改善趋势。结论:针刺可有效改善抑郁模型大鼠的自发运动减少,其机制可能与上调海马5-HT、血清BDNF水平,下调肾上腺CORT水平有关,且针刺"百会""印堂""风池""肾俞"显示出疗效最佳的趋势。     

右归丸补肾填精的药理作用

目的:以下丘脑-垂体-性腺轴为基础,探究右归丸对肾阳虚大鼠的药理作用,探讨其补肾填精的作用机制。方法:SD大鼠60只,采用氢化可的松建立肾阳虚模型大鼠,随机分为6组,分别为正常组、模型组、甲基睾酮(0.5 g·kg-1)组、右归丸低、中、高剂量组(0.5,1.0,2.5 g·kg-1),每组10只。造模后连续ig给药30 d,分别于给药第15,30天进行强迫负重游泳实验;第30天,眼球取血,放射免疫分析法检测大鼠血清睾酮(testosterone,T)、雌二醇(estradiol,E2)的含量;采用RT-PCR法检测各组大鼠下丘脑、垂体和靶腺(睾丸)钙调蛋白(Ca M)mRNA的表达。结果:与正常组比,模型组大鼠的负重游泳时间减少(P0.05),明显升高血清中E2的激素水平及降低T的激素水平(P0.05),明显升高下丘脑、垂体、睾丸中Ca M mRNA的表达(P0.05);与模型组比,甲基睾酮组、右归丸低、中、高剂量组可明显提高肾阳虚模型大鼠的负重游泳时长(P0.05),给药20 d后其体能趋于正常;给药20 d后甲基睾酮组、右归丸低、中、高剂量组可明显降低血清中E2的激素水平及升高T的激素水平(P0.05),明显降低下丘脑、垂体、睾丸中Ca M mRNA的表达(P0.05)。结论:右归丸可通过调节机体下丘脑-垂体-性腺轴中钙调蛋白基因表达,改善阳虚大鼠激素水平,逆转肾阳虚状态,具有补肾填精的作用。